The brain's basic unit, built up one layer at a time. Each topic below opens its own page with an interactive, deeper explanations, an “Explain like I'm 5” button on the tricky bits, and a self-test. Study them top to bottom — each builds on the last.
The parts of a neuron, the one-way signal path, the synapse, neuron types, and the glial supporting cast. Interactive clickable neuron.
Organelles and protein synthesis (DNA → mRNA → protein), plus axonal transport — via the factory analogy.
The bilayer, channels/gates/pumps, and why −70 mV arises (equilibrium potentials). Interactive transport proteins.
Resting → graded → action potential → refractory → propagation → saltatory conduction. Two animations.
Chemical transmission, receptors, the main neurotransmitters, EPSP/IPSP, and summation. Two interactives.
LTP and memory, and where this biology becomes disorders and drug action (MS, epilepsy, SSRIs, and more).
The knee-jerk reflex (animated), ionotropic vs metabotropic receptors (AMPA/NMDA/GABA-A), and agonists vs antagonists.
Segments, grey/white matter, ascending & descending tracts, and the reflex arc (monosynaptic stretch vs polysynaptic withdrawal). Interactive cross-section. From Inderbir Singh.
Midbrain, pons, medulla, the reticular formation and vital centres, and all twelve cranial nerves (type & function). Clickable cranial-nerve explorer.
Lobes, peduncles and the three functional divisions; how it coordinates (but doesn't initiate) movement, and cerebellar signs (ataxia, intention tremor). Clickable regions.
The thalamus as the great sensory relay (smell excepted), and the hypothalamus as master of homeostasis and endocrine control (HPA axis). Interactive nuclei/functions.
Striatum, globus pallidus, STN and substantia nigra; the direct vs indirect motor loops, and Parkinson's vs Huntington's. Pathway toggle.
The ventricular system and CSF flow, meninges, and the brain's blood supply / Circle of Willis and stroke territories. Interactive CSF flow + vessels.
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